Can Citronella Spray Stop a Dog Attack? The Truth Behind This Common Deterrent

Australia Post equips thousands of posties with citronella spray as a non-harmful deterrent for aggressive dogs. But how effective is it really — and is it safe for both people and dogs? In this in-depth Jordan Dog Training blog, we examine the science behind citronella spray, the behavioural impacts, the risks and limitations, and safer, more effective alternatives.

🔍 Quick Summary

Citronella spray is often described as a harmless way to stop a dog from barking or approaching. It may briefly startle or distract a dog, but it does not reliably stop aggression or prevent attacks. From a behavioural perspective, citronella spray does nothing to address the underlying cause of a dog’s behaviour and can increase anxiety or fear. At Jordan Dog Training, we focus on long-term, positive-based solutions that improve safety and welfare for both dogs and people.

🧠 What Is Citronella Spray and How Does It Work?

Citronella spray works by triggering two key sensory responses in dogs:

• Startle Response – The sudden sound of the spray and sensation of mist causes a dog to pause or flinch.
• Scent Aversion – Citronella oil has a strong citrus smell that most dogs dislike. Dogs’ sense of smell is up to 40 times more sensitive than ours, so the intensity can be overwhelming.

“Dogs process smells up to 40 times more effectively than humans, which makes scent-based interventions like citronella powerful — but also potentially overwhelming in high-arousal contexts.”

— Horowitz, A. (2016). Being a Dog: Following the Dog Into a World of Smell

The idea is that the unpleasant smell and startling effect will interrupt the unwanted behaviour, creating a moment to redirect the dog. However, this is not the same as teaching the dog what to do instead.

📌 Related reading:

How to Stop a Dog Barking at the Fence

Understanding the Canine Ladder of Aggression

🐕 Why Do Dogs Chase or Act Aggressively Toward Posties?

Dogs often bark, lunge, or chase posties due to a combination of instincts and learned behaviour:

• Territorial Drive – Dogs are hardwired to protect their space. Repetitive intrusions (like daily deliveries) can trigger this response.
• Barrier Frustration – Being behind a fence or window can create frustration when dogs can’t access the person they see as a threat.
• Lack of Socialisation – Dogs who haven’t been properly exposed to people in helmets, high-vis clothing, or bikes may respond fearfully.
• Unintentional Reinforcement – If barking makes the postie leave (as they do by design), the dog may believe their behaviour “worked” — reinforcing the problem.

These aren’t signs of aggression alone. Often, they stem from fear, anxiety, and frustration.

❓ A Common Question: “Should I Carry Citronella Spray?”

Many people — including walkers, cyclists, and posties — ask:

“I’ve heard citronella spray is a harmless way to stop dogs from getting too close — should I carry it just in case?”

From a Safety Perspective:

Citronella spray is not reliable in high-arousal or aggressive situations. If a dog is truly fearful, territorial, or in a heightened state of aggression, their brain is already in “fight or flight.” At that point, a scent-based distraction is unlikely to stop them. In fact, it may increase the risk of redirection or panic.

From a Behaviour Perspective:

Citronella spray interrupts behaviour, but it doesn’t resolve the underlying emotion. Worse, it can create misassociations. A dog may begin to link discomfort or fear with the presence of people — worsening the aggression over time.

🧬 The Science and Psychology Behind It

• Dogs in a reactive or aggressive state are often driven by adrenaline. Once the sympathetic nervous system is activated (fight or flight), higher brain functions are bypassed.
• This means they are not thinking clearly or rationally — they are reacting to survive or protect.
• Citronella may momentarily pause a low-level behaviour like sniffing or barking, but will not override high-level survival drives.

“Startle-based tools often lead to suppression rather than resolution of behaviour. Dogs may appear ‘better’ but are often more stressed.”

— Overall, K.L. (2013). Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats

🐾 Real-Life Case Study

One of our clients had a Blue Heeler named Marley who barked and charged the front gate every day when the postie arrived. The owners tried citronella spray, which worked briefly before Marley started barking and lunging straight through it.

Over time, he became more tense around all visitors. Once we introduced visual barriers, counter-conditioning, and rewarded calm behaviours, Marley relaxed. Within four weeks, he stopped reacting to the postie completely.

Citronella masked the behaviour. Training resolved it.

📌 How to Help a Fearful or Reactive Dog

⚠️ Safety and Welfare Concerns

For Dogs:

• May cause irritation to the eyes or nose
• Can increase anxiety or generalised fear over time
• Doesn’t teach alternative behaviours or promote understanding

For People:

• May provoke redirected aggression if the dog is startled but not de-escalated
• Can delay a more effective response or retreat
• Gives a false sense of control or safety

📌 Preventing Dog Attacks While Out Walking

🐶 What About Citronella Bark Collars?

These collars automatically release citronella when the dog barks. They are often marketed as a humane alternative to shock collars. However:

• They do not teach the dog what to do instead.
• Dogs may become confused, especially when collars activate due to unrelated noises.
• Long-term use can lead to frustration, anxiety, or emotional shutdown.

📌 Why We Don’t Recommend Bark Collars

📊 Behaviour Tool Comparison Table

Method	Pros	Cons
Citronella Spray	Non-lethal, portable	Unreliable, may worsen behaviour, no emotional resolution
Citronella Bark Collars	Passive, automated	Confusing for dogs, suppressive, potential for misfires
Behavioural Training	Evidence-based, long-lasting	Requires time, consistency, and professional support
Visual Barriers	Prevents visual triggers	Management only, doesn’t address emotional cause
Enrichment & Socialisation	Reduces frustration, promotes wellbeing	Needs planning and regular implementation

✅ Better Alternatives

For Dog Owners:

• Reinforce calm behaviour at fences and doorways
• Block visual triggers using shade cloth or screening
• Ensure secure fencing and gate latching systems
• Provide structured outlets for energy and mental enrichment
• Work with a qualified trainer to build emotional stability

📌 Teaching Dogs to Be Calm at the Door

📌 JDT Shop: Enrichment Toys & Natural Treats

For Posties and Delivery Workers:

• Avoid eye contact and remain side-on to the dog
• Use a barrier item like a satchel or clipboard
• Do not enter properties with loose dogs present
• Log any aggressive behaviour with your employer or council

🏢 For Councils, Delivery Companies & Communities

At Jordan Dog Training, we believe community safety is a shared responsibility. We’re available to:

• Run responsible dog ownership education programs
• Provide handouts and safety tips for delivery workers
• Support behaviour modification plans for dogs who’ve been reported
• Consult on community dog safety strategies

🐾 Prevention Starts Young

Reactivity doesn’t start overnight. It often builds up from a young age as dogs practice unwanted behaviours without guidance. Puppyhood is the most effective time to prevent long-term reactivity, fear, or guarding issues.

📌 Why Puppy School Matters

🔚 Final Thoughts

Behaviour is communication. When dogs bark, growl, or lunge, they are telling us how they feel. Citronella spray may silence the behaviour — but it doesn’t resolve the reason behind it.

At Jordan Dog Training, we help dogs feel better — not just behave better. If you’re dealing with a reactive dog, or you’re worried about safety in your neighbourhood or workplace, we’re here to help.

👉 Visit www.jordandogtraining.com.au to explore our resources or book a consultation with one of our qualified trainers and behaviourists.

Give your dog a pat from us 🐾

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is intended as general guidance and is based on our experience as dog trainers and behaviourists. It is not veterinary advice and should not replace consultation with a qualified veterinarian. If you have any concerns about your dog’s health, wellbeing, or behaviour, we always recommend speaking with your vet or a qualified trainer to ensure the best care for your dog.