Overview: The Shiba Inu is Japan’s most popular companion dog and has steadily gained recognition worldwide, including in Australia. Small yet sturdy, this breed is known for its fox-like appearance, bold personality, and independence. Shiba Inus are loyal to their families but are also renowned for their independence and strong-willed nature. They thrive in homes where their needs for mental stimulation and respect for their independence are met, making them best suited for experienced dog owners who appreciate a dog with a spirited personality.
History and Ancestry: The Shiba Inu is one of the oldest and smallest of the six native Japanese dog breeds, which include the Akita, Kishu, Shikoku, Hokkaido, and Kai Ken. The breed’s origins date back over 2,000 years, with its ancestors believed to have accompanied the first settlers to the Japanese archipelago. Originally bred for hunting small game such as birds, rabbits, and even boars, the Shiba was also adept at traversing Japan’s rugged mountainous regions.


The word “Shiba” may refer to “brushwood” in Japanese, either describing the terrain where they hunted or their reddish coat colour. “Inu” means dog. Shiba Inus were nearly wiped out during World War II, but the breed was revived by crossbreeding surviving dogs from different regions. In the 1950s, the breed was brought to the United States, and in 1992, the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognised the Shiba Inu.
In Australia, the breed remains relatively rare, but its popularity is growing among dog enthusiasts who appreciate its unique combination of independence and loyalty. The Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) recognises the breed and aligns its standards closely with the Japanese Kennel Club.
Physical Characteristics:
- Size: Small
- Height: 33–41 cm (males are generally taller than females)
- Weight: 8–11 kg
- Coat: The Shiba Inu has a double coat, consisting of a stiff, straight outer coat and a soft, dense undercoat. This weather-resistant coat helps the breed withstand cold temperatures.
- Colours: Accepted colours in Australia include red, sesame (red with black-tipped hairs), black and tan, and cream. The most recognisable Shibas sport the rich red coat.
- Distinctive Features: Shiba Inus are noted for their upright ears, curled tail, and fox-like expression. Their compact and muscular build gives them a sturdy, well-proportioned appearance.
Temperament and Personality: Shiba Inus are bold, confident dogs with an independent streak, often compared to cats in their behaviour. They are affectionate with their families but can be aloof with strangers, and they prefer to make their own decisions rather than blindly follow commands.
- Independent and Strong-Willed: Shiba Inus are fiercely independent. Owners need to understand and respect this trait while maintaining consistent training.
- Loyal but Reserved: Shibas form strong bonds with their families but can be indifferent toward strangers. They are not typically “lap dogs” and show affection on their terms.
- Alert and Protective: Shiba Inus make excellent watchdogs due to their alertness. The breed is known for its “Shiba scream,” a high-pitched noise made when they are excited or distressed. Despite this, they are generally not aggressive.
- Energetic and Playful: Shibas enjoy being active and are happiest in homes where they can engage in play and outdoor activities.
Training and Exercise Needs: Shiba Inus, although intelligent, can be challenging to train due to their independent nature. Positive reinforcement and early socialisation are key to shaping their behaviour.
- Training: Shibas respond best to positive reinforcement with treats and praise. However, they may not always follow commands immediately, requiring patience and consistency.
- Exercise Needs: Shiba Inus need at least an hour of daily exercise, including walks and playtime. Activities such as running or hiking can be particularly enjoyable for them.
- Mental Stimulation: Puzzle toys, interactive games, and other mental challenges are necessary to prevent boredom and destructive behaviours.
- Escape Artists: Shibas are known for being escape artists, so secure fencing is essential to prevent them from running off.
Living Conditions: Shiba Inus can adapt to various living environments, from apartments to homes with large yards, provided they receive adequate exercise and attention.
- Apartment Living: Shibas are small enough to live comfortably in apartments, but they still need regular outdoor time and exercise.
- Climate Considerations: Shibas have a double coat that protects them from cold weather, but they can be prone to overheating in warm climates. They should be provided with plenty of shade, water, and cool spaces during hot months.
Health and Lifespan: Shiba Inus are generally a healthy breed, with a lifespan of 12–15 years. However, they are prone to some genetic health conditions. Reputable breeders will screen for these issues.
- Common Health Issues:
- Hip Dysplasia: A condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly, potentially leading to arthritis.
- Patellar Luxation: A condition where the kneecap dislocates, common in small breeds.
- Allergies: Shibas can develop food or environmental allergies that cause skin irritation.
- Glaucoma and Cataracts: Eye disorders are common in Shibas. Regular eye checks are essential.
- Hypothyroidism: A disorder that causes weight gain and lethargy due to an underactive thyroid.
Grooming: Shiba Inus are relatively easy to groom, though they do shed heavily, especially during seasonal changes. Regular brushing helps manage their shedding.
- Coat Maintenance: Brushing twice a week is recommended to keep their coat healthy. During shedding season, more frequent brushing is needed.
- Bathing: Shibas are naturally clean dogs and only need to be bathed every few months.
- Nail Trimming and Ear Cleaning: Regular nail trimming and ear cleaning are necessary to prevent discomfort or infections.
- Dental Care: Brushing their teeth several times a week helps prevent gum disease and tartar build-up.
Ideal Home: Shiba Inus thrive in homes where their independent nature is respected, and their owners can provide structure and attention.
- Family Suitability: Shibas are better suited to families with older children who understand how to interact with dogs. They may not tolerate rough handling from young children.
- Companionship: Shibas are independent but do enjoy the company of their family. They are not typically lap dogs but will form strong bonds with their owners.
Popularity in Australia: Although still a relatively rare breed in Australia, the Shiba Inu is gaining popularity due to its unique appearance and characteristics. They are well-suited to urban environments where their small size and adaptability are advantageous.
Media Appearances: The Shiba Inu’s rising popularity has been influenced by several media appearances:
- “Hachiko Monogatari” & “Hachi: A Dog’s Tale” (2009): Although these films featured an Akita Inu, they increased awareness of Japanese breeds, including the Shiba Inu.
- Maru the Shiba Inu: Maru, a famous Shiba Inu from Japan, became a social media sensation, contributing to the breed’s global appeal.
- “The Secret Life of Pets” (2016): A Shiba Inu named Buddy appeared in this animated film, further raising the breed’s profile.
- Doge Meme (Viral Phenomenon): The Shiba Inu became an internet sensation with the Doge meme, which featured a Shiba with funny captions, eventually inspiring the creation of Dogecoin.
Adoption and Purchasing Considerations:
- Finding a Breeder: Prospective owners should seek out reputable breeders who follow ANKC guidelines. Megan Shuttlewood of Ilsonyo Shiba Inu is a highly regarded breeder in Australia. Megan has been involved in the breed since 2010 and focuses on producing healthy, well-tempered puppies. Her breeding program prioritises health testing, including hip, patella, and eye examinations
Disclaimer: This information is intended as a guide to help potential owners understand the breed better. It is strongly recommended to talk to a few registered breeders to determine if the Shiba Inu is suitable for you, your family, and your lifestyle, ensuring a fully informed decision.